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Termites are less likely to be attacked by parasites than bees, wasps and ants, since they are usually well protected in their mounds.122 Nevertheless, termites are infected by a variety of parasites. Some of these include dipteran flies,123 Pyemotes mites, and also a large number of nematode parasites. Many nematode parasites are in the order Rhabditida; many others are in the genus Mermis, Diplogaster aerivora and Harteria gallinarum.
M. anispliae is known to weaken the termite immune system. Infection with A. nomius only occurs when a colony is under great anxiety. .
Termites are infected by viruses including Entomopoxvirinae and the Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus.130131
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Foraging behaviour depends on the type of termite. By way of instance, certain species feed on the wood structures that they inhabit, and many others harvest food that is near the nest.132 Most employees are seldom found out in the open, and do not forage unprotected; they rely on sheeting and runways to protect them from predators.
When they find a food source, they communicate to other soldiers and a tiny force of workers starts to emerge. In the second stage, workers appear in large numbers in the website. The next stage is marked by a drop in the number of soldiers present and an increase in the number of workers.136 Isolated researchers may engage in Lvy flight behavior within an optimised way for finding their nestmates or foraging for food.137.
Competition between two colonies always results in agonistic behavior towards each other, resulting in struggles. These fights can lead to mortality on either side and, in some cases, the gain or loss of territory.138139"Cemetery pits" may be present, where the bodies of dead termites are buried.140
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Studies indicate that when termites encounter each other in foraging areas, a few of the termites deliberately block passages to prevent other termites from entering.134141 Dead termites from other colonies found in exploratory tunnels contributes to the isolation of the region and thus the need to construct new tunnels.142 Conflict between two opponents does not necessarily happen.
Since C. formosanus colonies may get into physical conflict, some termites squeeze tightly into foraging tunnels and perish, successfully blocking the tunnel and ending all agonistic actions.144.
Among the reproductive caste, neotenic queens may compete with each other to become the dominant queen when there are no primary reproductives. This battle among the queens leads to the elimination of all but a single queen, which, together with the king, accepts over the colony.145
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Ants and termites may compete with each other for nesting space. In specific, ants that prey on termites usually have a negative impact on arboreal nesting species.146
Most termites are blind, therefore communication primarily occurs through chemical, mechanical and pheromonal cues.41134 These methods of communication are employed in an assortment of activities, including foraging, locating reproductives, construction of nests, recognition of nestmates, nuptial flight, and locating and fighting enemies, and defending the nests.41134 The most common way of communicating is via antennation.134 A number of pheromones are known, including contact pheromones (which can be transmitted when workers are engaged in trophallaxis or grooming) and alarm, path and sex pheromones.
Trail pheromones are secreted in the sternal gland, look at this site and gender pheromones derive from 2 glandular sources: the sternal and tergal glands.41 When termites head out to look for food, they forage in columns along the ground throughout vegetation. A path can be identified by the faecal residue or runways that are covered by items.
When termites construct their nests, they use predominantly indirect communication. No single termite are in charge of any specific construction job. Individual termites react rather than think, but at a group level, they display a type of collective cognition. Particular structures or other objects such as pellets of columns or soil cause termites to start building.
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The result is a self-organised procedure where the information that directs termite activity results in changes in the environment rather than from direct contact among individuals.134.
Termites can distinguish nestmates and Read Full Report non-nestmates through compound communication and gut symbionts: compounds consisting of hydrocarbons discharged from the cuticle allow the recognition of alien termite species.148149 Each colony has its own distinct odour. This odour is a result of genetic and environmental factors such as the termites' diet andThe composition of these bacteria within the termites' intestines.150.
Termites rely on alert communication to defend a colony.134 Alarm pheromones can be released when the nest has been broken or is being attacked by enemies or potential pathogens. Termites constantly avoid nestmates infected with Metarhizium anisopliae spores, through vibrational signals released by infected nestmates.151 Other procedures of defence include intense jerking and secretion of fluids in the frontal gland and defecating faeces containing alarm pheromones.134152.